Cyclospora outbreak traced to shredded iceberg lettuce supplied by Mexican farm to Taco Bell locations in five states

Federal health officials have identified lettuce from Mexico served by Taco Bell locations across five U.S. states as a source of a widespread outbreak of the diarrhea‑causing parasite cyclospora.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed the source late on Thursday and warned consumers not to eat shredded iceberg lettuce from Taco Bell restaurants in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia.

California‑based Taylor Farms is preparing to recall ingredients linked to the widening cyclospora outbreak, Bloomberg News reported, citing a document it viewed. Cyclospora can cause severe diarrhea, fatigue and nausea, with symptoms lasting up to a month.

Taylor Fresh Foods said on Friday that none of its branded salads are associated with the outbreak but that it was withdrawing its distribution of lettuce from the region.

“While the FDA traceback is indicating a specific independent farm, which represents less than 1 % of the U.S. iceberg lettuce supply, as the potential source of the outbreak, we have removed all iceberg lettuce from the region indefinitely,” the statement said. “No other Taylor Fresh Foods products across the country are impacted.”

An FDA investigation identified a single supplier of the lettuce. The federal warnings to consumers did not identify the company.

“FDA is working with the supplier of iceberg lettuce to determine if potentially contaminated shredded iceberg lettuce remains on the market,” including in other states, the CDC said. “Taco Bell has committed to stop using any lettuce from the supplier identified by FDA’s traceback investigation.”

CDC, FDA and state public‑health officials have been investigating a multistate outbreak of cyclospora infections.

More than 30 states have reported infections this year, and current data shows the number of cases surpassing the previous U.S. record of about 4,700 set in 2019. Cyclosporiasis is usually not life‑threatening and is typically treated with antibiotics.

On Tuesday, before the federal confirmation, Taco Bell issued a statement saying it had “voluntarily and temporarily removed limited ingredients at select restaurants as a precautionary measure. We will continue to closely monitor the situation and follow the guidance of public health authorities.”

Cyclospora is a microscopic, spherical parasite that commonly causes watery diarrhea “with frequent and sometimes explosive bowel movements,” according to the CDC. Outbreaks tend to occur most often in late spring and summer.

The heat‑loving parasite infects the bowels and spreads through feces. In the past, people have been infected by consuming fruits or vegetables that were exposed to feces‑contaminated irrigation water.

The illness, called cyclosporiasis, is less common than foodborne illnesses caused by other germs, including salmonella and E coli. Many cases are never linked to a specific food or other source, and for years few U.S. cyclosporiasis outbreaks were reported. But the number began rising about a decade ago, with a notable spike in 2018 and 2019.

Experts say it is likely that cyclosporiasis cases were historically underreported, in part because some common tests for food poisoning have not been geared to detect cyclospora. They attribute the rising trend in cases to the climate crisis and better detection.

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