Latvia Pushes for Expanded Border Guard Authority as Crossings Turn Violent

On 5 October, a group crossed into Latvia using makeshift stairs. While the Baltic nation of two million has contended with irregular migration from Belarus since 2021, the latest incursion was notably aggressive.

The group of 20 migrants was led by “armed, masked escorts openly threatening Latvian soldiers,” Interior Minister Jānis Dombrava told Euronews. In the hours that followed, border surveillance equipment was damaged, degrading Latvia’s “ability to detect and respond to further incursions.”

“The combination of armed intimidation and targeted sabotage raises the risk of a violent confrontation and tests both our defences and our willingness to respond,” Dombrava said, adding that it constitutes “a security threat, not simply a migration-management problem.”

Latvia completed fencing its 173-kilometre border with Belarus this year and installed advanced surveillance systems, making crossings more difficult. Those obstacles are driving facilitators to become increasingly aggressive, according to Guntis Pujāts, head of Latvia’s State Border Guard.

“That’s why they are trying to be more aggressive and so to throw stones as well, to show what looks like a weapon and so on,” Pujāts told Euronews, adding that the incident “shows that the situation is not going to decrease but in the opposite way.”

More powers to Border Guard

The State Border Guard is now seeking expanded authority to protect its personnel and secure the border as Latvia enters a fifth year of managing irregular migration from Belarus. The interior minister supports the move.

Currently, border guards may use firearms in circumstances prescribed by law, including in response to serious threats and attempted sabotage.

Pujāts wants to broaden those powers — along with those of police and military personnel supporting border operations — to enable them to “protect the security of Latvia.”

On Thursday, the Border Guard submitted a proposal to the Interior Ministry seeking regulatory changes.

Under the proposed changes, border guards would no longer be required to issue a warning before using force in certain circumstances, Pujāts said. They would also be authorised to use available means to stop and “neutralise” individuals damaging border infrastructure.

“We will not be obliged to warn before, and we will be allowed all tools that we have to stop and so to neutralise persons who are damaging our border infrastructure,” he said.

The interior minister confirmed to Euronews that he will propose amendments “to give those protecting our country clearer powers and greater discretion when facing threats of this kind.”

“Those who protect Latvia’s state border — border guards, soldiers and other officials — must be confident that they will not be unjustifiably subjected to criminal prosecution for the lawful use of firearms or special means,” he said.

Pujāts said he did not know how long it would take for the proposal to become law. Asked when he would like the changes to take effect, he replied: “Yesterday, or the day before yesterday.”

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