- Nuclear waste may become fuel for decades-long autonomous operations worldwide
- DARPA wants batteries delivering power continuously for up to 30 years
- Project Omega is converting radiation directly into usable electrical energy efficiently
Researchers funded by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) are developing compact nuclear batteries designed to provide uninterrupted power for multiple decades.
The technology utilizes radioisotope power systems that transform radiation directly into electricity, differing from conventional energy storage methods that rely on chemical reactions.
These lightweight devices could potentially enable drones, satellites, and remote equipment to function without traditional battery replacements for extended periods.
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Nuclear Waste Becomes Fuel for Decades of Uninterrupted Power
This initiative falls under DARPA’s “Rads to Watts” program, which aims to create compact energy sources with high energy density and longevity.
A recent $3.37 million funding allocation supports a proof-of-concept device capable of producing over 10 watts per kilogram.
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Project Omega, one of the program participants, is developing a generator that utilizes isotopes extracted from existing nuclear waste instead of relying on newly produced radioactive materials from dedicated production facilities.
“Solar cells directly convert sunlight into electricity…Ours directly convert radiation into electricity,” stated Stafford Sheehan, CEO and founder of Project Omega.
“We already have some of these small devices operating; those specifically designed to meet DARPA’s operational requirements are set to launch early next year,” Sheehan added.
Experts estimate over 100,000 metric tons of nuclear waste remain stored at 52 reactor sites nationwide.
Sheehan noted that existing stockpiles provide a plentiful material source while unresolved disposal challenges continue causing annual costly legal disputes for authorities.
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“At a high level, we’re taking nuclear waste and recycling it into two products: reactor fuel and power isotopes,” explained Sheehan. “These isotopes can then be used to power various devices.”
Unlike traditional rechargeable cells, the proposed units employ solid-state isotope blocks layered with semiconductors that generate electricity through radiation exposure.
Military Planners See Obvious Advantages for Drones and Satellites
Radioisotope power systems have historically powered spacecraft and scientific missions for decades, typically utilizing plutonium-based materials.
Project Omega will now use Strontium-90, which developers describe as less hazardous than Plutonium-238 alternatives currently in use.
The batteries are also expected to function effectively across extreme temperature ranges that often pose challenges for military hardware in demanding environments.
Growing demand for unmanned systems, combined with persistent concerns about charging during long deployments, is driving military interest.
A drone capable of operating for 30 years with continuous onboard power would significantly alter assumptions about endurance and logistics requirements.
Multiple organizations are participating in the Rads to Watts program, including Morgan State University, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Northrop Grumman, ARA, and Widetronix.
Researchers anticipate a minimally viable prototype by early 2027 following comprehensive testing under realistic operating conditions and scenarios.
However, conversion efficiency, radiation effects, reliability, and safe deployment still require extensive evaluation efforts.
If successful, autonomous systems capable of decades-long operation could become technically feasible.
Via Defense One
