HIV and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Clinical Management Strategies
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HIV remains a significant driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults living with HIV, highlighting the need for targeted preventive measures. First‑line therapy for most patients includes statin‑based lipid‑lowering programs to reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation and lower the incidence of major cardiovascular events. Ongoing antiretroviral optimization, combined with lifestyle modification—regular physical activity, a heart‑healthy diet, and tobacco cessation—further mitigates metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Routine cardiovascular risk assessment, including blood pressure monitoring, lipid profile evaluation, and glycemic status, enables personalized prevention plans. By integrating antiretroviral therapy adherence monitoring with secondary prevention strategies, clinicians can improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with HIV.
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