Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has made his in-person presence at the International Criminal Court’s headquarters in The Hague. There, he is set to face allegations of crimes against humanity stemming from his controversial anti‑drug policy.
He stands accused of crimes linked to his aggressive anti‑drug campaign, in which hundreds of alleged dealers were killed without trial.
The 81‑year‑old appeared in a dark suit and white shirt on Wednesday—the first time he has been present at the court since his arrest in Manila eighteen months earlier. Although he remained silent, he extended a wave toward family members in the public gallery as the sessions concluded.
Up until now, Duterte had participated in the proceedings solely through a video link and had missed several hearings.
The International Criminal Court convened a status hearing on Wednesday following legal arguments presented by his counsel that the former leader’s failing health renders him unsuitable for trial.
The initial trial is slated to commence on 30 November.
Drug‑war remains central to Duterte’s administration (2016‑2022), with the former president arguing that strict measures were essential for economic stability.
The ICC is examining incidents spanning 1 November 2011—the period when Duterte served as mayor of Davao City—through to 16 March 2019, the day he formally withdrew the country’s membership in the organization.
Duterte’s attorney, Peter Haynes, testified that his client suffers from “significant memory impairment” that prevents meaningful engagement with his legal team. Prosecutors contend the opposite.
Judge‑made panels are deliberating Duterte’s mental fitness for trial and have appointed a comprehensive evaluation by three independent medical experts.
Although details of the assessment remain confidential, defence sources cite statements indicating Duterte appears to be operating under the impression that he is in his late twenties, insists he is over eighty‑five years old, and is unable to recall famous individuals such as Donald Trump.
Friends and relatives of the victims of the anti‑drug campaign watched the proceedings live from Manila.
Llore Pasco, who lost two sons in the campaign, said: “We’re pleased that he has finally appeared and that he looks alright. Indeed, he seems to have gained weight.”
Randy Delos Santos, whose teenager nephew died in 2017, welcomed the appearance, stating: “Our hope is that his improved physical condition may expedite the hearings.”
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